Indian Agricultural Development

Indian Agricultural Development

1 Evolution, Scope and Diversity of Agriculture

  1. History of Indian Agriculture
  2. Agriculture in Prehistoric Era
  3. Development in Agriculture before Independence
  4. Development in Agriculture after Independence
  5. Modern Indian Agriculture

2 Indian Farmers Traditions, Belief and Practices

  1. Traditional Role of Farmers in Society
  2. Farm Practices and the Zodiac
  3. Soil Treatment and Practices
  4. Pre-sowing Cultivation Practices
  5. Plant Protection Practices

3 Agriculture and Indian Economy

  1. Role of Agriculture in Indian Economy
  2. Importance of Agriculture in Indian Economy
  3. Performance of Agriculture
  4. Area, Production and Productivity of Foodgrains
  5. Area, Production and Productivity of Major Cereal Crops

4 Development of Indian Agriculture

  1. Historical Development
  2. Land Reforms
  3. Green Revolution
  4. Chemical Fertilizers
  5. Quality Seeds

5 Land resource and its Management

  1. Land Distribution and Utilization
  2. Changes in Land Use Pattern
  3. Distribution of Land Holdings
  4. Distribution of Land According to Problems
  5. Land Reforms

6 Biodiversity โ€“ Conservation and Utilization

  1. Biodiversity and Genetic Resources
  2. Plant Genetic Resources
  3. Exploration and Germplasm Collection
  4. Traditional Knowledge in Domestication, Use, and Conservation of Native Plant Genetic Resources
  5. Germplasm Exchange and Plant Quarantine
  6. Germplasm Evaluation
  7. Documentation and Information Management
  8. Germplasm Conservation
  9. Molecular Techniques for Characterization and Study of Diversity
  10. Role of Biotechnology in Plant Genetic Resources Management
  11. Intellectual Property Rights

7 Labour

  1. Size and Composition of Labour Force
  2. Occupation-wise Distribution
  3. Growth of Agricultural Labour in India
  4. Characteristics of Agricultural Labour
  5. Economic Conditions of Agricultural Labour
  6. Government Measures of Support
  7. Acts Protecting Agricultural Labour
  8. Schemes and Programmes for Betterment of Agricultural Labour
  9. New Economic Policy and Agricultural Labour

8 Livestock and Fisheries

  1. Livestock Resources
  2. Fisheries Resources
  3. Marine Fisheries
  4. Inland Fisheries

9 Agricultural Credit, Insurance, Warehouses and Corporations

  1. Agricultural Credit Structure
  2. Insurance Infrastructure
  3. Infrastructure for Warehousing and Corporations

10 Public Distribution System

  1. Background of Public Distribution System (PDS)
  2. Central Issue Price for Rice and Wheat
  3. Antyodaya Anna Yojana
  4. Quantity of Food Grains Issued under Targeted Public Distribution System (TPDS)
  5. Implementation Related Shortcomings of TPDS
  6. Measures Taken to Strengthen TPDS

11 Cooperatives, Farmers Organization and Non-Government Organizations

  1. Cooperatives
  2. Benefits of Cooperative Movement
  3. Cooperative Marketing
  4. Cooperative Processing
  5. Apex Level Cooperative Institutions
  6. Farmers Organization
  7. Non-Governmental Organisations (NGO)

12 Agricultural Research, Education and Extension in India

  1. Agricultural Research
  2. Agricultural Education
  3. Agricultural Extension

13 Capital Formation, Pricing, Taxation, and Subsidies in Agriculture

  1. Capital Formation in Agriculture
  2. Agriculture Pricing
  3. Agricultural Taxation
  4. Agricultural Subsidy

14 Procurement, Storage and Distribution of Food grains

  1. Fair Average Quality Specifications of Foodgrains
  2. Procurement of Foodgrains
  3. Procurement of Rice under Levy Scheme
  4. Procurement of Wheat
  5. Decentralized Scheme of Procurement of Foodgrains
  6. Minimum Support Price (MSP)
  7. Storage Plan of the Government
  8. Government Storage Agencies
  9. Buffer Stock Policy
  10. Introduction of Modern Technology in Handling of Foodgrains
  11. Foodgrains Marketing System
  12. Distribution /Allocation of Foodgrains

15 Research and Development and Transfer of Technology

  1. Importance of Research in Agricultural Development
  2. Salient Dimensions of Research in Agriculture
  3. Research Organisations in India in Agriculture and Allied Fields
  4. Broad Categories of Research Projects
  5. Research Achievements
  6. Research-Extension Linkages
  7. Salient Extension Programmes Launched in India
  8. Where We Have Succeeded and Where We Have Lagged Behind in Research and Extension
  9. Agricultural Development Spectrum and the Thrust Areas for Research and Extension
  10. Paradigm Shift and Restructuring of Extension System
  11. Farmers Participatory Approach
  12. Role of Village Institutions and Self-Help Groups in Extension
  13. Types of Extension Methods
  14. Role and Functioning of Krishi Vigyan Kendras

16 Agriculture Linkage with Other Sub-Systems

  1. Agricultural Production Process
  2. Special Characteristics of Agriculture
  3. Sub-systems Linked with Agriculture Development
  4. Agricultural Research
  5. Output Management
  6. Input Management
  7. Agriculture Extension and Education
  8. Farmer Sub-system
  9. Government Policies and Programmes Related to Agricultural Development

17 Diversification in Agriculture

  1. Need for Diversification
  2. Scope of Diversification in Indian Agriculture
  3. Advantages of Diversification
  4. Constraints in Diversification of Agriculture
  5. Strategies for Diversification
  6. Land Policy Reforms for Diversification

18 Agriculture Industry Interface

  1. Relationship between Agriculture and Industry
  2. Agro-processing and Rural Industrialization
  3. Features and Importance of Rural Industries
  4. Problems of Rural Industries
  5. Support Structure for Rural Industries
  6. Evaluation of the Government Policy

19 Issues Related to Trade, Quality, Gender and Sustainability

  1. Export and Import Scenario
  2. Issues Related to Trade Promotion
  3. Trade Distortions
  4. World Trade Organization and Agriculture
  5. Agreement on Agriculture (AoA)
  6. Quality Considerations and Sanitary and Phyto-sanitary Measures
  7. Gender Inequality and Trade
  8. Sustainability and Trade
  9. Indian Scenario and Future Prospects

20 Information and Communication Technology and Agriculture

  1. Information Flow and Information Needs
  2. Importance of Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
  3. Some ICT-enabled Initiatives in Agriculture
  4. Impact of Some ICT-based Initiatives
  5. Constraints in Use of ICT-based Services
  6. Challenges in Application of ICT in Rural Areas
  7. Suggested Strategies for Effective Utilization of ICT