Food Processing and Engineering-I

Food Processing and Engineering-I

1 Unit Operations

  1. Dimensions
  2. Engineering Units
  3. Systems and Properties
  4. Thermal Processing
  5. Refrigeration
  6. Food Freezing
  7. Evaporation
  8. Food Dehydration

2 Moisture Content and Equilibrium Moisture Content

  1. Chemistry of Water
  2. Properties of Water
  3. Types of Water & Water Activity
  4. Role of Water in Food Preservation and Shelf Life of Foods
  5. Water Hardness and Treatments
  6. Moisture Measurement Techniques
  7. EMC & its Relevance to Food Preservation
  8. EMC Determination Methods

3 Cleaning and Grading

  1. Definition and Objectives of Cleaning
  2. Methods of Cleaning
  3. Methods of Separation
  4. Screens
  5. Effectiveness and Efficiencies of Screens, Cleaners, Graders and Separators

4 Storage

  1. Storage Parameters for Fresh Produce
  2. Damages during Storage
  3. Sources of Infestation
  4. Storage Requirements
  5. Modern Storage Structures

5 Size Reduction

  1. Principles of Size Reduction
  2. Methods of Size Reduction
  3. Size Reduction Equipment
  4. Efficiency of Size Reduction
  5. Energy Requirement for Size Reduction
  6. Screen Analysis
  7. Fineness Modulus

6 Milling

  1. Methods of Milling
  2. Milling Equipment
  3. Milling Equipment for Liquid Foods (Emulsification and Homogenisation)
  4. Efficiency of Milling
  5. Methods of Separation
  6. Relevant Standards

7 Material Handling

  1. Introduction
  2. Material Handling Principles
  3. Material Handling Devices
  4. Principal Drive Mechanisms, Suitability of Use and Energy Requirement for Material Handling
  5. Interaction between Material and Handling Devices
  6. Selection of Material Handling Devices
  7. Cost of Material Handling

8 Transportation and Packaging

  1. Introduction
  2. Methods of Transportation and Their Suitability
  3. Special Requirements for Transportation of Agricultural Materials
  4. Transportation Costs
  5. Role of Packaging of Agricultural and Food Materials
  6. Packaging of Low and High Moisture Foods
  7. Packaging for Physical Distribution and Transportation
  8. Quality Testing of Packages and Packaging Materials
  9. Standards for Safe Packaging
  10. Disposal of Packaging Materials
  11. Special Packaging Materials

9 Juice and Beverages

  1. Introduction
  2. Fruit Juice
  3. Equipment for Juice and Pulps
  4. Squashes
  5. Cordial
  6. Syrups
  7. Carbonated Beverages
  8. Fruit Juice Concentrates
  9. Fruit Juice Powders
  10. Quality
  11. Standards
  12. Packaging

10 Jams, Jellies, Marmalade and Other Sugar-based Fruit Products

  1. Introduction
  2. Sugar
  3. Fruit Jam
  4. Fruit Jelly
  5. Marmalade
  6. Preserve
  7. Candied Fruit/Vegetable
  8. Glazed Fruit/Vegetable
  9. Crystallized Fruits/Vegetables
  10. Fruit Bar/Leather
  11. Fruit Toffees
  12. Packaging of the Finished Product
  13. Problems in Preparation of Preserves/Candied Fruits
  14. Quality Parameters

11 Pickles, Chutneys, Sauces and Tomato Products

  1. Pickles
  2. Various Pickles
  3. Containers used for Pickling
  4. Keeping Quality
  5. Causes of Spoilage
  6. Chutneys
  7. Sauces
  8. Tomato Products
  9. Microbiology of Raw & Finished Products
  10. Problems in Tomato Processing
  11. Quality Standards

12 Dehydrated Products from Fruits and Vegetables

  1. Definition
  2. Use of Dried Fruits and Vegetables
  3. State of Water in Foods
  4. Factors Influencing Dehydration
  5. Drying Rate Curves

13 Site Selection and Layout

  1. Site Selection
  2. Importance of Proper Plant Layout
  3. General Plant Layout
  4. Analysis of Men and Material Movement
  5. Maintenance of Clean Working Environment

14 Equipment and Machinery

  1. Selection of Equipment
  2. Movement and Installation of Equipment
  3. Ergonomic Considerations
  4. Upkeep of Operational Area
  5. Maintenance and Inspection Schedule
  6. Periodic Maintenance Practices
  7. Inventory of Spare Parts
  8. Minimisation of Equipment Downtime
  9. Maintenance of Records
  10. Certification
  11. Good Manufacturing Practices

15 Plant Sanitation and Effluent Treatment

  1. Importance of Plant Sanitation
  2. Properties and Requirements of Processing Water
  3. Properties of Wastewater
  4. Waste Water Treatment
  5. Waste Solids Upgrading and Treatment
  6. Lowering Discharge Volumes
  7. Waste/Effluent Disposal Regulations
  8. Environmental Impact