Organic Production System

Learn about crop rotation, composting, bio-fertilizers and more. Get insights into livestock management and bio-control agents, essential for successful organic production.

Organic Production System

1 Farm Designing, Land Preparation and Buffer Zone

  1. Farm Design
  2. Characteristics and Components of an Organic Farm
  3. Planning and Layout of the Farm
  4. Farm Components in Different Agro Ecosystems
  5. Land Preparation
  6. Types of Tillage
  7. Land Preparation for Cereals and Millets
  8. Land Preparation for Pulses and Oilseeds
  9. Land Preparation for Cash Crops
  10. Land Preparation for Green Manuring Crops

2 Seed and Planting

  1. Seed Structure and Its Germination
  2. Seed Dormancy and Methods of Breaking Dormancy
  3. Seeds and Sowing/Planting

3 Water Management

  1. Functions of Irrigation Water in the Soil
  2. Quality of Irrigation Water
  3. Methods of Irrigation
  4. Availability of Soil Water
  5. Water Management for Different Crops
  6. Water Harvesting
  7. Water Conservation

4 Contamination Control

  1. Soil Contamination
  2. Water Contamination
  3. Air Contamination
  4. Groundwater Contamination
  5. Contamination Control

5 Livestock Management in Organic Farming

  1. Cattle and Buffalo Breeds
  2. Livestock Housing
  3. Livestock Hygiene
  4. Livestock Nutrition
  5. National and International Norms for Organic Livestock
  6. Record Keeping

6 Farm Implements

  1. Indigenous Wooden Plough
  2. Mould Board Plough
  3. Special Ploughs
  4. Wetland Puddler
  5. Seed Drills and Dibblers
  6. Cultivators and Harrows
  7. Rollers, Leveling, and Bund Forming Implements
  8. Japanese Rotary Weeder
  9. Multi-Purpose Tool Carrier
  10. Soil Scoop

7 Crop Rotation

  1. Principles of Crop Rotation
  2. Effects of Crop Rotation
  3. Crop Rotations after Green Revolution
  4. Agronomical Practices for Cropping System
  5. Selection of Crops in Rotations
  6. Advantages of Crop Rotations
  7. Disadvantages of Crop Rotations

8 Composting and Manuring

  1. Organic Resources Available for Manuring and Composting
  2. Compost and Composting
  3. Stages of Composting
  4. Types of Composting
  5. Methods of Composting
  6. Factors Affecting Composting
  7. Vermicompost (Worm Compost)
  8. Types of Earthworm Used for Vermicomposting
  9. Characteristics of Vermicompost
  10. Advantages of Manures and Compost

9 Bio-Fertilizers

  1. Nitrogen Fixing Biofertilizers
  2. Phosphorus Solubilizing Microorganisms (PSM)
  3. Methods of Biofertilizer Inoculation
  4. Advantages of Biofertilizers
  5. Disadvantages and Constraints of Biofertilizers

10 Cultural and Mechanical Practices

  1. Cultural Practices
  2. Mechanical Practices
  3. Crop Rotation
  4. Trap Crops
  5. Intercropping and Mixed Cropping

11 Botanical Pesticides

  1. Botanical Pesticides
  2. Adathoda vesica
  3. Azadirachta indica (Neem)
  4. Plant Disease Management
  5. Advantages of Botanical Pesticides
  6. Disadvantages of Botanical Pesticides

12 Bio-Pesticides(Microbial)

  1. Introduction to Biopesticides
  2. Bacterial Biopesticides
  3. Fungal Biopesticides
  4. Mycoherbicide
  5. Viral Biopesticides
  6. Advantages of Biopesticides
  7. Disadvantages of Biopesticides

13 Bio-Control Agents

  1. Biological Control Procedures
  2. Predators
  3. Parasitoids
  4. Criteria of a Successful Bioagent
  5. Advantages of Bio-control Agents
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